Sains dan Alam Sekitar

Sejauh manakah kesedaran kita kepada alam sekitar. Hayati video ini.

Acids and Bases - Part 1

Definitions of acids and bases

• Arrhenius
  acid: generates [H⁺] in solution
  base: generates [OH^-] in solution
  normal Arrhenius equation: acid + base <---> salt + water
  example: HCl + NaOH <---> NaCl + H₂O 
• Bronsted-Lowery:
  acid: anything that donates a [H⁺] (proton donor)
  base: anything that accepts a [H⁺] (proton acceptor)
  normal Bronsted-Lowery equation: acid + base <---> acid + base
  example: HNO₂ + H₂O <---> NO₂^- + H₃O⁺
  Each acid has a conjugate base and each base has a conjugate acid. These conjugate pairs only differ by a proton. In this example: HNO₂ is the acid, H₂O is the base, NO₂^- is the conj. base, and H₃O⁺ is the conj. acid.
• Lewis:
  acid: accepts an electron pair
  base: donates an electron pair
  The advantage of this theory is that many more reactions can be considered acid-base reactions because they do not have to occur in solution.

nota chemistry -asid based titration

get your acid based titration

power point  slide here

Pengumuman

Dear to my Form 1 students,

Lawatan ke Galeri Sains Sabah

Pelajar-pelajar tingkatan 1 yang berminat mengikuti lawatan sambil belajar ke Galeri Sains Sabah, sila daftarkan diri anda berserta membawa duit RM10              

Pengumuman

Perhatian kepada semua pelajar tingkatan 3, kelas tambahan yang dijadualkan pada hari Sabtu ini (18/2/2012) akan ditunda ke tarikh yang akan diberitahu kelak. 

Sekian, terima kasih.

nota chemistry bab 2

Dear my beloved form 4 student, your lovely chapter 2 notes here

nota chemistry bab 1

To my form 4 class, please click here to get your first notes